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![[Flag of South Africa]](../images/z/za.gif)
![[Variant]](../misc/fis_vari.gif){kind=small}
2:3~
image by Mark Sensen and Antonio Martins, 09 Mar 2000
C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), reporting on the election
in South Africa, showed the "interim" flag which will be used for the next
five years; the new parliament will choose a permanent flag. In
English
blazon, it is: Tierced in pairle couchy sable, gules and azure,
a pairle couchy vert fimbriated or to dexter and argent to chief and base.
I think the interim flag for South Africa is said to be composed of
the colours of flags of past administrations. Which is as plausible as anything,
since it includes all the heraldic tinctures.
Anton Sherwood
The current South African flag was designed by Mr Fred Brownell, State Herald
of South Africa.
Bruce Berry, 26 Mar 1999
Colour Specifications
Album 2000 gives the official (Pantone)
and approximate (CMYK) specifications as follows:
Red:
179c C0-M90-Y90-K0
Green: 3415c
C100-M0-Y80-K20
Yellow: 1235c
C0-M25-Y80-K0
Blue: Reflex Blue c C100-M80-Y0-K0
Ivan Sache, 15 Jan 2002
The South African flag pantones as I have them are:
The colours of the South
African flag do not really have symbolic meanings in themselves. People do
sometimes assign meanings to the colours (such as red for blood, yellow for
mineral wealth etc.) but this is not the case with the current South African
flag. According to Mr. Frederick Brownell, the former State Herald who played a
large role in the original design, while the colours of the flag do not have any
official symbolism, they do represent a synopsis of the country’s flag history.
The design in turn, represents a converging of paths, the merging of both the
past and the present. Black, gold and green,
which were first incorporated into South African national flags in the 19th
century, also feature prominently in the flags of the liberation movements,
particularly the African National Congress (ANC), the
Pan-African Congress (PAC) and
Inkatha. These colours can thus be said to broadly represent the
country's black population. Blue, white, red and
green reflect the British and Dutch (later Boer) influence, as shown in the
earliest flags flown in South Africa, and also featured prominently in the old
South African National Flag (1928-1994) and thus
represent the white population of South Africa. The green pall (the
Y-shape) is commonly interpreted to mean the unification of the various ethnic
groups and the moving forward into a new united South Africa. The South African flag
is the only national flag to contain six colours as part of its primary design
(excluding those flags which contain various colour shades as part of the
detail of coats of arms or other charges etc.). The History and Heritage
Section of the South
Africa.Info web site has a lengthy section on the present flag of the
Republic of South Africa, with some interesting information. The flag
material is entitled 'Fly, the beloved flag,' a very clever play on the
title of Alan Paton's novel 'Cry, the Beloved Country,' one of the first
works in English to describe the former apartheid state.
Interview with the designer of the flag
Here is an interview
with the designer of the South African flag by the BBC on the 20th anniversary
of the: adoption of the flag (27 April 2014):
Fred Brownell: The man who made South Africa's flag (Submitted by
Esteban Rivera, 10 Apr 2016)
Blue: 287u
288c
Red: 485u (x2)
485c
Yellow: 116u
1235c
Green: 355u
349c
Black
White
Source: SA Bureau of Standards - Specifications for the National
Flag, 2nd ed.
Bruce Berry, 21 Jan 2002
For South Africa : PMS 179 orange/red, 3415 green, reflex blue, 1235 yellow and
black. The vertical flag is the horizontal version reversed and turned 90
degrees anti-clockwise - black at the top, orange/red on the left, blue on the
right.
Ian Sumner,
10 Oct 2012
Symbolism of the flag
Bruce Berry, 14 Feb 2000
Ron Lahav, 12 Nov 2008
The multi-coloured flag of modern South Africa is a symbol of its post-apartheid
rebirth. But while Nelson Mandela led the country on a "long walk" to freedom,
the creation of the flag 20 years ago was a frantic sprint by an unsung hero,
writes Xin Fan.
On a Saturday night at the end of February 1994 Fred Brownell's phone rang. The
voice on the other end asked him to get a new national flag designed - within a
week.
"It scared the living daylights out of me," says Brownell, now 74 and living in
retirement in Pretoria.
Brownell was state herald, and had long known that the emerging new South Africa
would need a new flag, but until this point he had not been asked to play a
central role.
Initially, members of the public had been asked for their ideas. Some 7,000
sketches had been sent in, but none was judged appropriate. Then the authorities
had turned to design studios. That too proved fruitless.
he months had passed by and now the first democratic elections - when the new
flag was expected to be fluttering in the South African breeze - were little
more than eight weeks away. Hence the urgent Saturday night call to Brownell.
Fortunately, he had already given the subject some thought.
He had been asking himself for some time what the new South African flag should
look like. But his sketches had all ended up in the wastepaper basket until one
day in August 1993, when he sat listening to an "interminable speech" at an
international flag conference in Zurich.
"My mind started wandering," he recalls. "And then it struck me - aren't we
looking for convergence and unification?" The convergence of the disparate
groups within South African society, and their unification in one democratic
state.
He flipped over the conference programme and started sketching. Three arms came
in from the flagpole side of the flag (the "hoist") and became one.
"I was struck by the extent it resonated with what Mandela had in mind. 'Yes, it
might work!' I thought," Brownell remembers.
His first idea was for the three-pronged shape to be coloured red, with green
and blue at top and bottom, but he soon concluded it looked better with the
colours switched around - the three-pronged shape in green, red at the top and
blue at the bottom.
But the flag needed other colours too. "I think one must realise that red, white
and blue or orange white and blue harked back to South Africa's colonial
heritage," Brownell says.
Gold was the first he added, then black - both colours found on the flags of the
African National Congress, the Zulus'
Inkatha Freedom Party, and various other
political groupings in South Africa.
The final design also used a particular orangey shade of red known as chilli
red, which is mid-way between the colours of the British
and Dutch colonial-era flags but at the same time
reminiscent of South Africa's coral trees, Brownell says, and the flat hats worn
by married Zulu women.
The only other change to the design was made at the suggestion of Brownell's
daughter, Claire, a young schoolteacher.
"Dad, use your brain!" she said. "People will stand that on its head and turn it
into the nuclear peace sign. The middle leg must go."
The three arms converging into one, became just two arms converging into one.
So when Brownell got the call asking him to have the issue "solved within the
week" he was not starting completely from scratch.
In the end it came down to five proposals, two of them Brownell's. Of the
others, one was based on an idea from the ANC, another came to a member of the
committee Brownell had hastily convened in the middle of a plane flight.
The choice was put to (the then) State President FW de Klerk, who said it was
not a decision he could take alone and called an impromptu cabinet meeting. "I
noticed their eyes", says Brownell. "They were being drawn to my design."
Sure enough it was one of his drawings that was selected. Officials then
contacted ANC negotiator Cyril Ramaphosa, and a tense wait ensued. His approval
finally came through later that afternoon.
Many years later Brownell learned that Ramaphosa too had not wished to act
alone, and had contacted Nelson Mandela, then in Rustenburg in the north-east of
the country, to get his personal blessing.
"A design had been sent to Mandela by fax. Somebody on the other end had to run
down to the stationery shop, grab some colouring pencils, and colour in the
flag," says Brownell.
Luckily, Brownell says, "Mandela was happy with it."
That same day, 15 March 1994, the design was unanimously adopted by the
Transitional Executive Council, which asked President de Klerk to issue a
proclamation adopting the national flag. But for reasons that Brownell still
cannot explain, the proclamation was made only on 20 April, seven days before
the election.
During the wait, Brownell says, "lots of us were going frantic".
"Flag manufacturers were screaming high and low. South Africa could only produce
5,000 flags per week, and at least around 100,000 were needed for April 27th to
fill every flagpole in the country."
Manufacturers in the Netherlands helped save the day, although not before
exhausting Europe's entire stock of flag material and having to import it from
Japan.
"Public reaction was muted, originally," recalls Brownell. "But once Mandela was
inaugurated on 10 May, with the flags draped over Union Buildings in Pretoria,
people warmed to the fact they had a new president, with a new flag to go with
him.
"The level of acceptance exceeded my wildest expectations," he says.
Asked what might have prompted him to come up with his initial three-pronged
design, Brownell reflects that it was probably embedded in his mind from
childhood.
"I grew up in the Anglican church and this particular design was in fact
incorporated into the classical chasubles [outer vestments] worn by priests in
both the Catholic and Anglican church," he says.
"In recent years chasubles have changed very much, but that was the classic
design."
Twenty years on, Brownell is quietly pleased with his work.
He still sees the "convergence and unification" of a diverse country reflected
in the flag, and insists there is no-one in South Africa who does not recognise
in it colours they hold dear.
"I feel happy to have contributed in some small way."