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Administrative Subdivisions in Nigeria

Last modified: 2021-01-02 by bruce berry
Keywords: nigeria | subnational entities |
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Background

Initially Nigeria  consisted of only three regions (Western, Northern, Eastern) and Lagos Capital District.  Following the Nigerian Civil War, or the Biafra crisis, an administrative reform was undertaken in Nigeria.  The reform weakened the power of the separate regions and the power of the various ethnic groups (Haussa peoples in Northern region, Yoruba peoples in Western Region and Igbo peoples in Eastern Region).  In 1964, the Mid Western Region was separated from the Western Region. Thus it gave a "remix" in the balance of power of the peoples of Yoruba and Igbo.

In 1967, in a move towards greater autonomy for minority ethnic groups, the military under leadership of Major General Yakubu Gowon divided the four regions into 12 states.  However the Igbo rejected attempts at constitutional revisions and insisted on full autonomy for the east.  On 29 May 1967 Lt. Col. Emeka Ojukwu, the military governor of the Eastern Region who emerged as the leader of increasing Igbo secessionist movement, declared the independence of the eastern region as the "Republic of Biafra." The ensuing Nigerian Civil War resulted in over 30,000 deaths before ending in the defeat of Biafra in 1970.

In 1976 there was a further reform of the administrative structure and the number of subdivisions was changed again.  In subsequent reforms of the administrative divisions in Nigeria, the states did not have symbols.*
Jens Pattke, 08 July 2006

*[ed: see Nigeria: Flags of Subdivisions since 1970 for an update to this post]

Primary Subdivisions of Nigeria
 
Regions States
1 October 1960 to
23 January 1964		 23 January 1964 to
27 May 1967		 27 May 1967 to
03 February 1976		 03 February 1976 to
23-September 1987		 23 September 1987 to
27 August 1991		 27 August 1991 to
1 October 1996		 Since
1 October 1996
Lagos Federal District Lagos Federal District Lagos (1) Lagos Lagos Lagos Lagos
Eastern Eastern East Central Anambra Anambra Anambra Anambra
Enugu Enugu
Imo Imo Imo Imo
Abia Abia
Ebonyi
Rivers Rivers Rivers Rivers Rivers
Bayelsa
South Eastern Crossriver Crossriver Crossriver Cross River
Akwa Ibon Akwa Ibon Akwa Ibon
Northern Northern Benue-Plateau Plateau Plateau Plateau Plateau
Nassarawa
Benue Benue Benue Benue
Kano Kano Kano Kano Kano
Jigawa Jigawa
North Central Kaduna Kaduna Kaduna Kaduna
Katsina Katsina Katsina
North Eastern Bornu Bornu Bornu Bornu
Yobi Yobi
Bauchi Bauchi Bauchi Bauchi
Gombe
Gongola Gongola Adamawa Adamawa
Taraba Taraba
North Western Sokoto Sokoto Sokoto Sokoto
Zamfara
Kebbi Kebbi
Niger Niger Niger Niger
Western Central Kwara Kwara Kwara Kwara
Kogi Kogi
Western Western Western Oyo Oyo Oyo Oyo
Osun Osun
Ogun Ogun Ogun Ogun
Ondo Ondo Ondo Ondo
Ekiti
Mid Western Mid Western Bendel Bendel Edo Edo
Delta Delta
Federal Capital
Territory (2)		 Federal Capital
Territory		 Federal Capital
Territory		 Federal Capital
Territory		 Federal Capital
Territory
1 October 1960 to
23 January 1964		 23 January 1964 to
27 May 1967		 27 May 1967 to
03 February 1976		 03 February 1976 to
23-September 1987		 23 September 1987 to
27 August 1991		 27 August 1991 to
1 October 1996		 Since
1 October 1996
Regions States

(1) Lagos State formed by merging the then-federal district with portions of the Western Region
(2) Formed from parts of Plateau, North Central and North Western States

The coats of arms of the Nigerian regions was created by the Royal Warrant in 1958. The later coat of arms of the Nigerian states have more African motifs.
Jens Pattke, 23 Dec 2009

Sub-national flags (1970 - 1990)

In June 1970, the Nigerian central government passed a law forbidding the use of (sub-division) state symbols. Since 1970 only the Nigerian coat of arms and flag may be used as symbol of a state. In 1976, further reform of the administrative divisions the structure of Nigerian subdivisions took place. These reforms of the administrative divisions in Nigeria did not provide for symbols of  the subdivisions.
Jens Pattke, 8 July 2006
 

Sub-national flags (1990 - )

Article 4 of the Flags And Coat Of Arms Act Chapter 148 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 1990, says:

4. (1) Subject to the provisions of this section, if in any public place in Nigeria the National Flag is to be exhibited or flown for any purpose, it shall not be exhibited with or be flown on the same staff or cross bar with the flag of any State, or the flag of any Commonwealth or foreign country; and the National Flag or any other flag when exhibited or flown shall not appear in a defaced or tattered condition; but the National Flag shall not be deemed to be defaced by reason only of the fact that it is embodied in or forms part of a State flag.

(2) Where the flag of any State is flown in the State to which it relates or elsewhere than in the Federal Capital Territory Abuja, it shall not be necessary for the National Flag to be flown at the same time; but if the flag of a State and the National Flag are to be flown at the same time in a public place in that State or elsewhere in Nigeria, the National Flag of at least the same size as the State flag shall fly above that of any State flag.

Source: nigeria-law.org

Current state flags shown on FOTW:

States without current information (historical information only):

States with no flag information currently available:

  • Adamawa
  • Bauchi
  • Benue
  • Ebonyi
  • Edo
  • Ekiti
  • Enugu
  • Federal Capital Territory
  • Gombe
  • Imo
  • Jigawa
  • Kaduna
  • Katsina
  • Kebbi
  • Kogi
  • Kwara
  • Nassarawa
  • Niger
  • Ogun
  • Ondo
  • Osun
  • Plateau
  • Sokoto
  • Taraba
  • Yobe
  • Zamfara

Valentin Poposki, 20 Dec 2008