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Satsuma Domain (Japan)

image by Jaume Ollé and Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 24 March 2014

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Located at Kagoshima Prefecture. Last lord 's name: Shimazu Tadayoshi.
They used red over white horizontal bi-color flag 赤白二段旗 and red field charged with white cross in a circle 赤地白丸ニ十文字旗 as Domain's army flag.
Nozomi Kariyasu, 24 March 2014

Satsuma Domain army flag:
This is a 5:4 high flag. I've seen this one used as generic historical Japanese flag for a lord and his army. Is that justified?
Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 24 March 2014

This is Satsuma Domain Army flag . Most of new government Forces between Boshin Civil War used red and white color army flags to distinguish from black and white Shogunate Forces army flags.
Nozomi Kariyasu, 25 March 2014

Satsuma Domain common army flag:

image by Jaume Ollé and Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 24 March 2014

This is a 3:2 high flag. Does a cross in a circle have a specific meaning in Japan?
Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 24 March 2014

This is common Satsuma Domain army flag used not only for Boshin Civil War.
Basically each Japanese family has its family crest. So the circle does not have a specific meaning but just variation of various kind of family crest.
Nozomi Kariyasu, 25 March 2014

Satsuma Domain ensigns:

images by Kazutaka Nishiura and Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 24 March 2014

They used white field charged with black cross in a circle白地黒丸ニ十文字旗 and white field with black bottom stripe 白地黒裾旗 as Domain's naval ensign.
Nozomi Kariyasu, 24 March 2014

Right, here I can see how this one is related to the previous one, but is there in general a relation between the various flags of a domain?
I'm a bit lost here: Did they have 2 ensigns, and a flag and an army flag? Or are some of these older? This is a white 3:4 flag, with a black stripe along the bottom, a quarter of the height of the flag wide.
Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 24 March 2014

This is Satsuma Domain ensign and the previous one is army flag. They have two ensigns: The first one is hoisted at front mast and the second one at rear mast.
Nozomi Kariyasu, 25 March 2014