Last modified: 2012-02-25 by ivan sache
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![[Flag of Westerlo]](../images/b/be-vanws.gif)
Municipal flag of Westerlo - Image by Arnaud Leroy, 4 February 2006
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The municipality of Westerlo (23,230 inhabitants on 1 January 2007;
5,513 ha) is located 25 km south-east of Antwerp in the valley of Grote Nete, on the border of the regions of Kempen and Hageland. The municipality of Westerlo is made since 1976 of the former municipalities of Westerlo (including Tongerlo and Zoerle-Parwijs since 1971) and Oevel.
Westerlo is mostly a green town, nicknamed "The Pearl of Kempen", with woods and pastures, whereas Oevel is an industrial area.
Westerlo was already mentioned in 994. The name of the town most
probably comes from the Germanic word westara, "western" (in Dutch,
westelijk) and lauha, "a small wood on a sandy hill". Ansfried,
Count of Toxandria, then appointed Bishop of Utrecht, transferred all his
possessions in Westerlo, Olen and Westmeerbeek (today Meerbeke) to two chapters in Utrecht. In the 13th century, the chapter owning Westerlo transferred the domain to Arnold I van Wezemaal as a pawn. Around 1360, Margaretha van Wezemaal maaried Rijkaard de Merode, and the Merode
family became owner of Westerlo; this was confirmed in 1482 and 1620,
and the family remained there until the French Revolution. Westerlo
became a Barony in 1473 and a Marquisate in 1626 (Letters Patented
signed by Philip IV on 21 May).
The castle of Merode is located in the south of the municipality of
Westerloo. The first castle was built in 1066, on the probable site of
a Roman fortress. Around 1300, the lords of Wezemaal increased the
fortifications of the castle and transformed it into a waterburcht
(castle partially protected by water, here the river Grote Nete); it
was a part of the defense system of the border of the Duchy of Brabant.
The castle is still inhabited by members of the Merode family.
In 1798, the Boerenkrijg broke out in Flanders against the French rulers. E.J. Van Gansen (1766-1842) and A. Meulemans (arrested and shot in Tournai in 1799), played an important role in the insurrection. In 1898, a monument was erected in Westerlo to commemorate the Boerenkrijg.
In the past, the inhabitants of Westerlo were nicknamed
flierefleuters (revellers) and leeglopers (lazybones) by their
neighbours; this is commemorated by the Flierefleuters bier created
in Westerlo in 1982 after an old recipe from Kempen.
Tongerlo was known in 1133 as Tungerloo, from Germanic tungri, "trunk", and lo, "a wood on a sandy hill". Around 1130, Giselbertus van Castelre transferred a part of his domain in Tongerlo to the Norbertine St. Michael abbey in Antwerp. A new abbey, dedicated to Sts. Barbara, Catherine and the Blessed Virgin, was built, which played an important role in the religious, social, economic and politic development of Kampen. The abbey has kept a linden planted in 1676; its perimeter is 4.5 m and its height 25 m. The masterpiece kept in the abbey is a replica of Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper (4.5 x 9 m, original in the Dominican Convent of Milan), painted in 1506-1507 by Andrea Solario. The abbey was closed during the French Revolution and resettled in 1840. The monks still brews a traditional abbey's bear (abdijbier).
Zoerle-Parwijs was mentioned as Zuerle in 1286, meaning "a small, acid wood". The village was enclaved inside Westerlo and was divided into two parts: Zoerle-Westerlo, that belonged to the lords of Westerlo, and Zoerle-Parwijs, that belonged to the lords of Geel. The second part for long belonged to lord Perwez, therefore its name.
Oevel was known as Ovelo in 1173 and Ovele in 1189, from Middle Dutch oven, "on a height", and lo, "a small wood on a sandy hill". That year, Bishop of Cambrai Ogier transferred his rights on Oevel to the abbey of Tongerlo, that owned most of the village. From the 13th century onwards, Oevel belonged to the domain of Geel, owned by the Berthout family and later by the Merode family.
Source: Municipal website
Ivan Sache, 4 February 2006
The municipal flag of Westerlo is vertically divided
yellow-red-yellow-red-yellow-red-yellow-red-yellow (nine stripes) with
a blue engrailed border.
According to Gemeentewapens in België - Vlaanderen en Brussel [w2v02a], the flag was adopted by the Municipal Council on 24 April 1989, confirmed by the Executive of Flanders on 21 November 1989 and published in the Belgian official gazette on 8 December 1990.
The flag is a banner of the dexter shield shown in the municipal arms,
that is the arms of the family of Merode.
The adjacent municipality of Herselt has a similar flag, differentiated by a blue "H".
The municipal arms of Westerlo, granted by Royal Decree on 29 April 1842, were already mentioned in 1644. The Decree describes the arms of Westerloo as
Van lazuur met open kasteel van goud, met vijf kleine hangtorentjes
van hetzelfde, beladen rechts in de punt van een gouden wapenschild met
vier palen van keel met uitgeschulpte zoom van lazuur, en links een
gouden wapenschild met Sint Maarten van lazuur. De vermelde
wapenschilden gedekt door een gouden kroon.
The arms represent on a shield azure a castle gate with two towers on
each side, all gold. Two shields are placed in front of the towers, on
dexter the shield of arms of Merode and on sinister a shield or with
St. Martin cutting his cloak for a beggar, all azure. The greater arms
are topped with a golden crown.
The two shields recall the two former owners of Westerloo, the family
of Merode, owner of the domain, and the St. Martin chapter in
Utrecht, owner of the church.
Merode is one of the oldest Belgian nobler lineage; there were Counts
of Merode in the Middle Ages, as well as Barons of Merode and
Princes of the Holy Roman Empire, and Princes of Merode in 1759. The
current titles of the Merode are:
- Prince of Rubempré, in the Holy Roman Empire (1759);
- Prince of Rubempré, in the Kingdom of Belgium (1846);
- Prince of Everberghe, in the Holy Roman Empire (1759);
- Prince of Everberghe, in the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1827);
- Prince of Grimberghe, in the Kingdom of Belgium (1842);
- Prince of Merode, in the Kingdom of Belgium (1929).
The head of the House of Merode is since 1980 Charles-Guillaume (b.
1940), third Prince of Merode, Marquis of Westerloo, Prince of Rubempré
and Grimberghe. Prince Alexandre of Merode (1934-2002) was Vice
President of the International Olympic Committee and President of the
Royal Association of the Historic Houses of Belgium. Princess Baudoin
de Merode (b. 1948), née Nathalie van den Abeele, is the unique
lady-in-waiting of Queen Paola since 1997.
Count Frédéric de Merode (1792-1830) fought during the Independence
War of Belgium in 1830; injured during the battle of Berchem on 25 October 1830, he died in Antwerp ten days later and became a national hero, being the first noble of higher rank to die for the new Belgium.
His brother, Count Félix de Merode (1791-1857) was one of the political
leaders of the War; appointed member of the Provisory Government and
then of the National Congress, he refused the throne because he was not
a Prince and was member of the delegation that proposed the throne to
Prince Louis d'Orléans, to no avail, in Paris on 3 July 1831. King Leopold I
appointed him State Minister in 1831 but he resigned in 1839 because he
did not want to sign the treaty of abandon of parts of Luxembourg and
Limburg by Belgium. His son, Count Xavier de Merode (1820-1874), served
in the French Army in Kabylia (Algeria) in 1844-1847 and then was
ordained priest. Pope Pius IX appointed him Director of the Pontifical
Prisons and Minister of War in 1860. After the defeat of Castelfidardo
against the Piemontese troops, Merode carried on the reorganization of
the papal army and also contributed to the modern urbanization of Rome.
Forced to resign in 1865, Merode was appointed Archbishop of Mytilene
(in partibus) in 1866. After the seizure of Rome by the Piemontese in
1870, Merode withdrew with the pope into the Vatican.
Arnaud Bunel's Héraldique Européenne website shows the arms of
several branches of the Merode lineage.
The House of Merode bears "Or four pales gules a border engrailed
azure", whereas the House of Scheiffart de Merode, the senior branch
extincted in 1733, bore "Or four pales gules".
Arnaud Leroy, Pascal Vagnat & Ivan Sache, 4 February 2006